Garry Kasparov

Garry Kasparov, born in Baku in 1963,
is a Russian chess grandmaster, author and political activist.
In 1985, he defeated Anatoly Karpov 13–11 to become, at the age of 22, the youngest undisputed World Chess Champion at the time.
He successfully defended his title against Karpov in three further World Championship matches.
Following his split from FIDE, Kasparov founded the Professional Chess Association in 1993
and remained Classical World Champion until his unexpected defeat by Vladimir Kramnik in 2000.
Between 1984 and his retirement in 2005, he held the world number-one ranking for a total of 255 months.
His peak rating of 2851 was a world record at the time.
Kasparov shaped modern tournament chess through his dynamic style,
exceptional opening preparation and pioneering use of computers for game analysis.
He also gained worldwide recognition for his matches against the IBM computer Deep Blue, which defeated him in 1997.
As an author, he set new standards with his five-volume series My Great Predecessors.
Since retiring from competitive chess, Kasparov has focused primarily on his work as a Kremlin critic,
human rights activist and advocate for youth chess.