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In 1843 in a match, which was unofficially considered a world championship, the English master Howard Staunton (1810–1874) played 1.c4 against French player Pierre Saint-Amant (1800–1872). Since then this move has been known as the English Opening. But it was not accorded full recognition until the 1920s, and later it was then successfully adopted by modern world champions such as Botvinnik, Petrosian, Karpov and Kasparov.